Branding by the Kalimas River: Positioning Surabaya as Indonesia’s Leading Waterfront City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v13.n2.1701Keywords:
Kalimas River, City Branding, Waterfront Revitalization, Sustainable Urban Development, Place-Based IdentityAbstract
The development of waterfront city areas has become a sustainable approach for enhancing the potential of strategic urban regions. In this context, city branding provides a unique identity for a city, influencing its appeal to residents, tourists, businesses, and investors. The Kalimas River, the largest river in Surabaya, Indonesia, holds historical and iconic significance for the city. This study explores efforts to reorganize and revitalize the Kalimas River as a distinctive feature that can serve as a branding element using the waterfront city concept. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, utilizing a case study approach. Data collection included in-depth interviews, focus group discussions with local government representatives, academics, and industry players, as well as documentation and direct field observations. The findings reveal that the Kalimas River has significant potential to serve as a unique brand for Surabaya City. Collaboration among all stakeholders is essential to strengthen the city's brand image to realize this potential sustainably.
References
Abd Ghafar, N., Mazidah, N., Ghani, C., & Adam, M. (2022). A Review of The Essence of City Branding in Enhancing Image and Identity of a City. In Planning Malaysia Journal of the Malaysia Institute of Planners. 20: 66-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v20i24.1184
Aldianto, L., Budi, A. A., Anggadwita, G., Novani, S., & Wirawan, C. (2019). City Branding vs. Cultural Branding: Towards a Theoretical for Developing Bandung Identity. 23(1): 42–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24002/kinerja.v22i2.2125.
Ayu, A. D., Arifin, M., & Wunas, S. (2022). Strategy for Settlement Area with Eco-Waterfront Approach in Lakkang Island, Makassar City. Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Social Sciences Study, 3(3): 81–98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47616/jamrsss.v3i3.306
[DCYST Surabaya] Department of Culture YS and T of SC. (2022) Konsep Pengembangan Wisata Perahu Kalimas Surabaya (Presented at FGD in Surabaya, Indonesia 24 Nov 2022). Unpublished presentation, Focus Group Discussion, Surabaya, Indonesia, 24 November 2022.
Ekawati, S. A., Ali, M., Trisutomo, S., & Ghani, R. C. A. (2020). The Study of Public Open Space effectiveness in Makassar Waterfront City using Good Public Space Index (GPSI). IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 875(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/875/1/012003
Evans, G. (2003). Hard-Branding the Cultural City Ð From Prado to Prada. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27(2): 417-440
Freire, J. R. (2009). Local people a critical dimension for place brands. Journal of Brand Management, 16(7): 420–438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.bm.2550097
Fugard, A. J. B., & Potts, H. W. W. (2015). Supporting thinking on sample sizes for thematic analyses: a quantitative tool. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 18(6): 669–684. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2015.1005453
Harry Smith, & Maria Soledad Garcia Ferrari. (2012). Waterfront Regeneration. Routledge.
Hastijanti, R. (2014). Developing river lane as an alternative for water tourism destination case study: “Kalimas” river lane of Surabaya, Indonesia. Advanced Materials Research, 931–932(May 2014): 781–784. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.931-932.781
Hidayat, B., Fatoni, A., Saksono, H., Asriani, A., & Andari, T. (2022). Integrated River Transport Development to Support Smart City. Jurnal Bina Praja, 14(1): 1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.14.2022.1-15
Hospers, G. (2010). Making sense of place: From cold to warm city marketing. In Journal of Place Management and Development. 3(3): 182–193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17538331011083925
Hristova, D., Aiello, L. M., & Quercia, D. (2018). The new urban success: How culture pays. Frontiers in Physics, 6(APR). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2018.00027
Idajati, H., & Nugroho, F. E. (2019). Creating cultural and heritage tourism route as tool for development tourism strategy (Case study: Surabaya Kalimas River Area). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 340(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/340/1/012023
Isra, M. Y., Zubair, H., & Nursyamsi, I. (2020). The development of Water Front City area as natural disaster mitigation in Majene Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 575(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/575/1/012173
John W. Creswell. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design Choosing Among Five Approaches (Second edition). SAGE Publications.
Kasapi, I., & Cela, A. (2017). Destination Branding: A Review of the City Branding Literature. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 8(4): 129–142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/mjss-2017-0012
Kurnianto, A., Oktorina, S., Munfarida, I., Diah, R., Setyowati, N., & Pribadi, A. (2024). Assessment of Water Quality Parameters and Their Correlations in The Kalimas River, Surabaya: Implications For Health Risks. International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability and Social Science (IJESSS), 5: 1592–1600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v5i6.1242
Laely Nurhidayah. (2008). Toward Environmentally Sustainable city in Indonesia: Case study on environment protection in Surabaya. SSRN. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1113231
Langer, R. (2001). Place Images and Place Marketing. Frederiksberg: Institut for Interkulturel Kommunikation og Ledelse, IKL. Copenhagen Business School.
Lucarelli, A., & Olof Berg, P. (2011). City branding: A state-of-the-art review of the research domain. Journal of Place Management and Development, 4(1): 9–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17538331111117133
Ma, W., de Jong, M., Hoppe, T., & de Bruijne, M. (2021). From city promotion via city marketing to city branding: Examining urban strategies in 23 Chinese cities. Cities, 116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103269
Maulana, S., Nasution, S. Y., Pramadi, Y., Rusata, T., Hartanto, A., & Hendrix, T. (2024). Analysis of Barriers to Branding Waterfront City Makassar and Surabaya in Indonesia Using Interpretive Structural Modelling Approach. Journal of Design and Built Environment, 24: 118–136. https://ejournal.um.edu.my/index.php/
Mohammad Nazir. (2009). Metode penelitian (R. Sikumbang, Ed.). Ghalia Indonesia.
Morgan, N. , P. A. , & P. R. (2004). Destination branding: creating the unique destination proposition. Routledge.
Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1): 1-13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
Nugroho Kartiko Adi. (2019). Peranan Sungai Kalimas Sebagai Sarana Transportasi Sungai Kota Surabaya Tahun (1900-1952). E-Journal Pendidikan Sejarah, 7(1): 239-245
Olsson, K. , & B. E. (2016). City Marketing: The Role of the Citizens. In T. N. Nyseth & V. Arvid (Eds.), Place Reinvention (1st Ed). Routledge.
Pamungkas, A., Iranata, D., Yuwono, J., & Jaelani, L. M. (2019). An insight on Surabaya development: Pre colonials, colonial, post colonial and current era. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 340(1): 1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/340/1/012002
Ramadhani, A. R., Prayitno, B., & Setyaningsih, W. (2021). Cengklik Reservoir Tourism Development with approach Eco-Waterfront. Journal of Infrastructure and Facility Asset Management, 3(2): 83-92
[RDPRDA Surabaya] Regional Development Planning Agency R and D of SC. (2022) Waterfront City Development Kalimas River (Presented at FGD in Surabaya, Indonesia 24 Nov 2022). Unpublished presentation, Focus Group Discussion, Surabaya, Indonesia, 24 November 2022.
Ripoll Gonzalez, L., & Gale, F. (2023). Sustainable city branding narratives: a critical appraisal of processes and outcomes. Journal of Place Management and Development, 16(1): 20–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-09-2021-0093
Sahin, S., & Baloglu, S. (2014). City Branding: Investigating a Brand Advocacy Model for Distinct Segments. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 23(3): 239–265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2013.779562
Shamsuddin, S., Hassan, N. R. A., & Bilyamin, S. F. I. (2012). Walkable Environment in Increasing the Liveability of a City. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 50: 167–178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.08.025
Situngkir, H. (2016). Agent-Based Model for River-Side Land-living: Portrait of Bandung Indonesian Cikapundung Park Case Study. ArXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.01602. arXiv:1605.01602. https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.01602
Skinner, H. (2008). The emergence and development of place marketing’s confused identity. Journal of Marketing Management, 24(9–10), 915–928. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1362/026725708X381966
Sugiyono. (2022). Metode Penelitian Bisnis, Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatiff, Kombinasi, dan R&D (3rd Edition). Alfabeta.
Tracy, S. J. (2019). Qualitative Research Methods: Collecting Evidence, Crafting Analysis, Communicating Impact (S. J. Tracy, Ed.; 2nd Ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Ward, K. G. (2000). Front Rentiers to Rantiers: “Active Entrepreneurs”, “Structural Speculators” and the Politics of Marketing the City. In Urban Studies.37(7). http://www.jstor.org/stable/43084563
Wirawan, S. M. S., Maarif, M. S., Riani, E., & Anwar, S. (2018). Analysis of the Institutions Role in Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Management in Jakarta. Jurnal Bina Praja, 10(2): 303–315. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.10.2018.303-315
Wu, J., Chen, X., & Chen, S. (2019). Temporal characteristics of waterfronts in Wuhan City and people’s behavioral preferences based on social media data. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(22): 1-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226308
Yoeti, O. A. (1991). Pengantar Ilmu Pariwisata (2nd Ed.) (2nd Edition). Angkasa.
Zhang, L., & Zhao, S. X. (2009). City branding and the Olympic effect: A case study of Beijing. Cities, 26(5): 245–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2009.05.002
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright of articles that appear in International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions or any other reproductions of similar nature.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- This Journal applies Creative Commons Licenses of CC-BY-NC-SA
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).















