Soft Skills Competencies of Quantity Surveying Graduates in Malaysia: Employers’ Views and Expectations

Authors

  • Hasbullah Shafie Department of Quantity Surveying, International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Sharifah Mazlina Syed Khuzzan Department of Quantity Surveying, International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Nur Affah Mohyin Department of Quantity Surveying, International Islamic University Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v1.n1.3

Abstract

Various organizations employ Quantity Surveying (QS) graduates. The diversity of employment opportunities bring the needs of QS graduates to equip with the key competencies to be able to work effectively and efficiently with other professionals. The QS profession faces threats to its traditional roles
and functions as a result of changing client needs in the construction industry advances in technology and
the particular needs of a developing economy. Within the context of the current situation, the globalization is pushing QS graduates to become competitive in term of soft skills that they possess such as communication skills, problem-solving skills, leadership, and teamwork. This research adopted a survey
approach, using a questionnaire as the data collection technique. 80 questionnaires were distributed to employers, or human resource (HR) managers of the organizations that had QS graduates working with them. This paper reports on the views and expectations of the employers towards the soft skills of QS
graduates in Malaysia. The employers were asked to rate their views towards current QS graduates’ soft skills’ performance in Malaysia as well as to assess their expectations of these graduates’ soft skills based on a five-point Likert scale. From the findings, a ‘competency gap’ between the current local university
QS graduates’ soft skills’ performance and their expectations were identified, and discussed. This paper also presents the recommendations made by the employers towards Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Malaysia producing QS graduates in order to improve and prepare the graduates for their work place.

References

Adebowale, B. D. (2011). Educated and Employed: The Dilemma of Graduates in African. Retrieved from http://futurechallenges.org/local/educated-and-unemployed-the-dilemma-of-graduates-in-south-africa/

Ackroyd, S. & Hughes, J.A. (1992).Data Collection in Context. Longman (London & New York)

Adelina Iskandar. (2002). Malaysia’s Manpower Requirement for 21st Century: Making Industry Needs with Educational Output. Paper presented at the Malaysian Education Summit 2004 Seminar, Kuala Lumpur

Advesh Consultancy Services.(2012). Competency Modeling. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/tsivasankaran/competency-presentation

Agus, A., Awang, A.H., Yusuf, I. & Mohamed Makhbul. (2011). The gap of analysis of graduates’ employees’ works skills in Malaysia. Retrieved from http://www.bai-conference.org/BAI2011/Papers/7.OB&HRM/7012.doc

AIQS (The Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors.(1998). National Competency Standards for Quantity Surveyors. Retrieved from http://www.icoste.org/AIQS%20Competencies.pdf

Arjomand, L. (20020. Sampling distribution of the mean. Retrieved from http://business.clayton.edu/arjomand/business/l7.html

Badu, E. & Amoah, P. (2004). Quantity Surveying Education in Ghana. The Hgana Engineer.

Baker, D.P. (2009). The educational transformation of work: towards a new synthesis. Journal of Education and Work, 22(3), 163-91.

Barret, P. (1992). Measuring the ability gap for construction professionals.Construction Management and Economics, 10, 321-42.

Birrell, B. (2006). Implication of low English standards among oversea students at Australia Universities. People and Place, 14(4), 53-64.

Babbie & Earl, R. (1990).Survey Research Methods. Wadsworth Publication Cooperation.

Barnett, R. (2004). Learning for unknown future, Higher Education Research & Development, 24(3), 247-60.

Bennett, N., Dunne, E., and Carré, C. (1999).Patterns of core and generic skill provision in higher education. Higher Education, 37, 71–93.

Bill, C. (2004). For new graduates, ‘soft skills’ are the secret weapon in job hunt. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2004-06-09-coplin_x.htm

Boyatzis, R. (1982). The Competent Manager – A Model for Effective Performance, John Wiley and Son, NY.

Brandon, P.S. (1990).Quantity Surveying Techniques: New Directions, BSP Professional Books, Oxford.

Business Monitor International. (2011). Malaysia infrastructure report Q2 2011. Retrieved from http://www.prlog.org/11444155-malaysia-infrastructure-report-q2-2011-new-research-report-available-at-fast-market-research.html

Burgoyne, J. (1989). Creating the managerial portfolio: building on competency approaches to management development. MEAD, 12(1), 56-61.

Carlton Advanced Management Institute. (2005). What is competency? Retrieved from www.carltonglobal.com/samplelesson_HR.pdf.

Cartlidge, D. (2002). New Aspect of Quantity Surveying Practice. Butterwoth: Heinemann.

Chua, S.L. (2000a). Some recent development in quantity surveying education – issues and challenges. The Surveyor, 35, 4-9.

Chua, S.L. (2000b). Towards Enhancing Surveying Education. The Surveyor, 35(2), 16-20.

Coates, D.E. (2006). People Skills Training: Are you Getting a Return from Investment. Retrieved from http://www.2020insight.net/PeopleSkills.htm

Cox, S., & King, D. (2006). Skill Sets: an Approach to Embed Employability in Course Design. Education + Training, 48(4), 262-274.

Crebert, G., Bates, M., Bell, B., Patrick, C. & Cragnolini, V. (1999). Developing generic skills at university, during work placement in employment: graduates’ perceptions. Hihger Education Research and

Development, 23(2), 147-165.

Dan, F. 1999. From full employment to employability: a new deal for Britain’s unemployed? Canberra,unpublished.

David, R. M., Mei-I, C. & Andrew, R. J. D. (2002). Competence, competency and competencies: performance assessment in organization. Work Study, 51(6), 314-319.

Davies, H. A. ,Csete, J. , & Poon, L. K. (1999). Employer’s expectations of the performance of construction graduates. International Journal Engineering Education, 15(3), 191-198.

De La Harpe, B., Radloff, A., & Wyber, J. (2000).Quality and generic (professional) skills. Quality in Higher Education, 6(3), 231-243

DeSeCo Project. (2005). The definition and selection of key competencies. Retrieved from www.oecd.org/dataoecd/47/61/35070367.pdf.

Devadason, E. S., Thirunaukarasu Subramaniam, & Esther Gnanamalar Sarajini Daniel. (2009). Final year undergraduates’ perceptions of the intergration of soft skills in the formal curriculum: a survey of Malaysian public universities. Humanities, Social Sciences & Law, 11(3), 321-348.

Egulu, L. (2004). The African perspective on youth unemployment. In

Demaret, L. (ed.), Policy proposals fordecent work and employment for young people. Geneva, International Labour Organization,77-85.

Eraut, M. (1994). Developing Professional Knowledge and Competence, Falmer Press, London

Ferry, D.J. & Brandon, P.S. (1984).Cost Planning of Building, BSP Professional Books, London.

Goi& Lai, C. (2010) Graduates employment: valuable of Curtin University of Technology Sarawak graduates. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 2(1), 127-132.

Hair, J.F., Bush, R.P. &Ortinau, D.J. (2007).Research Method for Business. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Harvey, L., Plimmer, L, Moon, S. &geall, V. (1997). Student Satisfaction Manual. Open University Press, Buckingham.

Hassal, L., Dunlop, A. & Lewis, S. (1996). Internal audit education: exploring professional competence. Managerial Auditing journal, 11(5), 28-36.

Hasyamuddin, Abdullah, Nor Ratna, &Yahya. (2009). The instillation of employability skills through problem based learning model at Malaysian’s higher institution. International Conference on Teaching and Learning Education 2009. Kuala Lumpur, November 200, 23-25.

Hayes, J.L. (1979). A new look at managerial performance: the AMA model of worthy performance. Management Review, 2-3.

Healey, M.J & Rawlinson, M.B. (1994).Principle and Practice in Business and Management Research. Aldershot: Dartmouth.

Hillage, J. and Pollard, E. (1999). Employability: developing a framework for policy analysis. London, Department for Education and Employment.

Holmes, L & Joyce, P. (1993). Rescuring the useful concept of managerial competencies: from outcomes back to process. Personnel review, 22, 37-52.

Howarth, T. & P. Watson. (2009). Construction Safety Management. United Kingdom, UK: Blackwell Publishing.

ILO. (2011). Global Employment Trends, 2011. The Challenge of a Jobs Recovery. ILO, Geneva; ILO. 2012. Global Employment Trends, 2012. Preventing a Deeper Jobs Crisis. ILO, Geneva

Jang, S. & Kim, N. (2004).Transition from high school to higher education and work in Korea, from the competency-based education perspective. International Journal of Educational Development, 24, 691-703

John, W. (2002). Challenges for the quantity surveying profession in the light of new development. The Surveyor, 4, 19-23.

Khaled Nordin. (2010). Enhancing graduates employability: issues, concerns and the ways forward. Retrieved from http://www.alumni.upm.edu.my/employability/papers/007_res_closing.pdf

Khairuddin Abdul Rashid. (2002). A study on the curricula for the bachelor of quantity surveying courses in Malaysia.The Surveyor, 3, 17-22.

Knight, P.T. & Yorke, M. (2002).Employability through the curriculum. Tertiary Education and Management, 8(4), 3-16.

Kothari, C.R. (1990). Research Methodology – Methods and Techniques. New Age Publication (Academic), India.

Krogt, F. van der &Warmerdam, J. (1997).Training in different types of organization. The International journal of human Resource Management, 8(1), 87-106.

Lim, Mansor Fadzil, Latifah Abdol Latif, Norlia T, & Norziati Mansor. (2011). Producing graduates who meet employer expectations: open and distance learning is a viable option.

Lorenz, K. (2009). Top 10 soft skills for job hunters. Retrieved from http://employabilityexporesources.wikispaces.com/file/view/Top+10+Soft+Skills+for+Job+Hunters.pdf

McQuaid, R.W. and Lindsay, C. (2005). The concept of employability. Urban Studies, 42(2), 197-219

Malaysia Qualification Framework. (2005). Malaysia Qualification Framework (MGF). Retrieved from http://www.mqa.gov.my/mqr/english/ePengenalanMQF.cfm

Male, S. (1990). Professional authority, power and emerging forms of ‘profession’ in quantity surveying. Construction Management and Economics, 8, 191-204.

Mark, H. (2001). Skills and competency management. Industrial and Commercial Training, 28(4), 59-62.

Matzdorf, F, Green, M, Megginson, D, Dale, M &Kennie, T. (1997). Learning to succeed … or how firms in the surveying profession can learn to stay ahead. London: Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.

Mayer, T. & Semark, P. (1996).A framework for the use of competencies for archiving competitive advantages. South Africa Journal of Business Management, 27(4), 96-103.

Mazlan. (2002). Value Management Principle and Application, Prentice Hall, Kretif Kembara, Kuala Lumpur.

Merriam-Webster. (2012). An Encyclopedia Britannica Company Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/

Miles, M.B. &Huberman, A.M. (1994).Qualitative Data Analysis. Sage: Thousand Oaks.

MOHE (Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia).(2006). Modul pembangunan kemahiran Insaniah (Soft Skills) untuk Institut Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang.

MOHE (Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia). (2008). Retrieved from http://www.mohe.gov.my

Morsidi, S. (2006). Malaysia. In UNESCO/APEID and SEAMEO-RIHED, Higher Education in South-East Asia, Bangkok, UNESCO-APEID.

Naoum, S.G. (1998). Dissertation Research and Writing for Construction Students. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

New Strait Times. (1998). Teach student business skills, New Strait Time, August 5.

New Strait Times. (2004). Nation, New Strait Times, May 25.

Nerland, M. & Jensen, K. (2007). Insourcing the management of knowledge and occupational control: an analysis of computer engineers in Norway. International Journal of lifelong Learning, 26(2), 263-78.

Nikitina, L, & Furouko, F. (2010). Sharp focus on soft skills: a case study of Malaysian university students’ educational expectations. Educational Research for Policy and Practice,11.

Nkado, R. N. & Meyer.T (2001).Competencies of professional quantity surveyors; a South Africa perspective. Construction Management and Economics, 19, 481-491.

Nkado, R.N. (1998). Competencies of professional quantity surveyors in a developing economy. Retrieved from http://buildnet.csir.co.za/cdcproc/docs/2nd_proceedings.html#key

O’Brien, R. (2001). An Overview of the Methodology Approach of Action Research. Retrieved from http://www.web.ca/~robrien/papers/arfinal.html.

Odusami, K.T. & ASCE, M.A. (2000).Perceptions of construction professionals concerning important skills of effective project leaders. Journal of Management in Engineering, 18(2), 61-67.

Pandian, A. (2010), University curriculum and employability needs, Higher Education Leadership Reserch Bulletin, 12(2), 55-62.

Perera, S. , Pearson, J. , & Doodds, L. (2010). Alignment of professional, academic and industrial development needs for quantity surveyors. COBRA. London.

Pralahad, C.K. & Hamel, G. (1990).The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68(3), 79-91.

Quek, A. H. (2005). Learning for the workplace: a case study in graduate employees’ generic competencies. Journal of Workplace Learning, 17(4), 231-242.

Rahmah, I., Ishak, Y. & Lai, W.S. (2011). Employers’ perceptions on graduates in Malaysian services sector. International Business Management, 5(3), 184-193.

Ranjit. (2009). The hard truth about graduates employability and soft skills. National Conference on Teaching Learning at Tertiary Level In Bangladesh. December 2011, 30.

Ram. (2006). 70% of Grads from Public Institutions Jobless, Sun2surf, Sun Media Corporation Sdn. Bhd. Retrieved from http://sun2surf.com/article.cfm?id=14660

Ranjit, S.M. (2009). Make yourself employable: How graduates can hit the ground running!. Kuala Lumpur : TQM Consultant Sdn. Bhd.

Reddy, J.N. (2005).An Introduction to the Finite Element Method; 3rd edition. McGraw-Hill Education.

Rick, B.(2005).How much measurement is enough? Quantity Surveying Education in Australia. The Journal of the Australia institute of QS. The Building Economist,16–20.

RICS.(2009). Assessment of professional competencies, assessment of technical competencies requirement and competencies. Retrieved from http://www.rics.org/site/download_feed.aspx?fileID=3729&fileExtension=PDF

Robson, C. (2002). Real World Research; Second Edition. Oxford: Blackwell.

Roselina Shakir. (2009). Soft skills at the Malaysian institutes of higher learning. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 10(3), 309-315.

Rohanna Mahbub. (2001, May, 8-9). Perception and expectation of employers on the quality of quantity surveying graduates entering the construction industry. Paper presented at the Quantity Surveyor

National Conference.

Ruggiero, C. (2012). Soft Skills: What Every Graduates Needs. Retrieved from http://www.arbitragemagazine.com/general/soft_skills_employment/

Said Ilias, Mohd Wira Mohd Shafiei, & Omran, A. (2008). The competency requirement for quantity surveyors: enhancing continuous professional development. Sri Lankan Journal of Human Resource Management, 2(1), 17-27.

Sanchez, A. (2006). The Difference Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research. Retrieved from http://e-articles.info/e/a/title/THE-DIFFERENCE-BETWEEN-QUALITATIVE-AND-QUANTITATIVE-RESEARCH/

Saterfield, T.H. & McLarty, J.R. (1995). Graduateness. Report to the University of York Teaching Committee. March

Saunders, M., Thornhill, A., & Lewis, P. (2007). Research Methods for Business Students: fourth edition. Harlow: FT Prentice Hall.

Schulz, B. (2008). The importance of soft skills: education beyond academic knowledge. Journal of Language and Communication, 146 154.

Seely, I.H. (1984). Building Economics, 3rd Edition, Macmillion, London.

Shaharuddin, Noriah, Khaidzir & Jumali. (2010) Generic competency profile among students in institute of higher learning: a case of Universiti kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia. College Student Journal, 44(3), 811 – 820.

Sirat, M., Chan, L.H., Shuib, M., Rahman, A., Rahayu, S. & Singh, N.K.J. (2012). Employability of graduates in Malaysia. UNESCO: Bangkok.

Stewart, J. & Hamlin, B. (1992). Competency-based qualification: the case for established methodology. Journal of European industrial Training. 16(10), 9-16.

Sykes, J.B. (1987). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English, Oxford University Press: Oxford

Yassin. S., Hassan, F,. Amin, W. & Amiruddin, N. (2008, November, 19-21). Implementation of generic skills in the curriculum. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the EDU-COM 2008 International Conference, Sustainability in Higher Education: Direction for Change, Edith Cowan University, Perth Western Australia.

Tan, C.T & French-Arnold, E. (2012). Employability of graduates in Malaysia. UNESCO: Bangkok.

Tengku Sri Mahaleel Tengku Ariff.(2002, August). Qualities of students required for work in the private sector. Paper presented at the Seminar between Industrial Sector and Institute of Higher Learning, Bangi, Kuala Lumpur.

Training Agency. (1990). Enterprise in Higher Education: key features of Enterprise in Higher Education proposals. Training Agency, Sheffield.

UNESCO-UIS. (2009). Global Education Digest 2009. Comparing Education Statistics Across the World. UIS, Montreal

United Nations. (2005). World youth report. New York, United Nations Publications.

Vathsala, W. ,& Lasantha, P. (2010). Graduates’, university lecturers’ and employers’ perceptions towards employability skills. Education + Training, 52(3), 226-244.

Wisher, V. (1994). Competencies: the precious seeds of growth. Personnel Management, 26, 36-39.

Woodruffe, C. (1991). Competent by any other name. Personnel Management, 38-43.

Woodruffe, C. (1993). What is meant by a competency? Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 14(1), 29-36.

Zakaria, N., M.E. Che Munaaim. & S. Iqbal Khan. (2006). Malaysian Quantity Surveying Education Framework. Paper presented at the Built Environment Education Annual Conference. London, UK.

Zul.(2008). 5 reasons why graduates are unemployed. Retrieved from http://skorcareer.com.my/blog/malaysia-unemployment-issue-why-fresh-graduates-are-unemployed/2008/04/17/

Downloads

Published

2014-11-04

How to Cite

Shafie, H., Syed Khuzzan, S. M., & Mohyin, N. A. (2014). Soft Skills Competencies of Quantity Surveying Graduates in Malaysia: Employers’ Views and Expectations. International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v1.n1.3