Some Notes on Area-based Conservation: Lesson Learned from Bandung

Widjaja Martokusumo; Denny Zulkaidi

doi:10.11113/ijbes.v2.n2.67

Authors

Widjaja Martokusumo Architectural Design Research Group, School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB)
Denny Zulkaidi Urban Planning and Design Research Group, School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v2.n2.67

Abstract

The city of Bandung is famous for its architectural legacy. As part of urban development, the architectural forms and urban fabrics were influenced by mixture of local-indigenous and Western traditions. Through colonialization cultural layering is a common attribute of most Asian cities. Nowadays, these unique fabrics become vulnerable due the tremendous pressure of urban development. Efforts of heritage management in Bandung have been started since 1990s, in which the first heritage list was accomplished in 1997, and later developed in 2005. The latest list of 2010 was planned for the historic quarter as a supplement to the previous listed building. Questions have been raised on the inclusion of the artefacts into the list and its consequences, due to lack of understanding of urban conservation. Meanwhile, recent debates on authenticity has substantially led to the rethinking of the criteria of conservation, and the designation the area-based conservation approach in urban heritage management. Based upon the mapping of historic urban quarter project, this paper unveils the problems and consequences of the heritage listing. Moreover, the study takes the stand that critical understanding of the urban context is crucial in designating the protection area, including legal bases, delineation and control mechanism.

References

Abdel-Tawab, A. G. (2012). Area-based conservation: The strengths and weaknesses of the Egyptian emerging experience in area-based conservation. Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 51, Issue 2, June, pp. 137–152.

Arezki, R.; Cherif, R, and Piotrowski, J. (2009). Tourism Specialization and Economic Development : Evidence from the UNESCO World Heritage List, IMF Working paper no. WP/09/176, July.

______ .(2002). „Zukunftsfähigkeit von Denkmalschutz und Denkmalpflege“,Positionspapier der KMK, Beschluss der Kultusministerkonferenz vom 01.02.2002. Sekretariat der Ständigen Konferenz der Kultusminister der Länder in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

Burgess, R and W. Tuvey. (2005). Urban Conservation Areas Study for the Local and Central City Commercial Areas. Christchurch; Opus International Consultant ltd.

Cullen, G. (1961). The Concise Townscape. London: Architectural Press.

Feilden, M. B. (2003). Conservation of Historic Buildings, 3rd ed., Architectural Press, Oxford.

Frey, B. S. and Steiner, L. (2010). World Heritage List: Does it Make Sense? CESifo working paper Public Choice, No. 3078, Ifo Institute – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich (retrieved 8 April 2014).

Frey, B.S., Parmini, P and Steiner, L. (2010). What determines the World Heritage List? An econometric analysis, Working Paper no. 1, University of Zurich.

Jokilehto, J. (2006). Considerations on authenticity and integrity in world heritage context. City & Time 2 (1): 1. [online] URL: http://www.ct.ceci-br.org (retrieved 11 April 2014).

Hendrick. (2010). Kontradiksi Keberadaan Daftar Bangunan Heritage Kota Bandung dengan Objek Studi Kasus Pembongkaran Toko Korona Jalan Braga No. 67 in Martokusumo (ed.). (2010) SAPPD ITB

Kunto, H. (1984). Wajah Bandoeng Tempo Doeloe. Bandung: PT. Granesia.

Larkham, P.J. (1996). Conservation and the city. London: Routledge

Logan, W.S. et.al. (ed.). (2002) The disappearing “Asia” City: Protecting Asia’s Urban Heritage in a Globalizing World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of the City. Boston: The MIT Press.

Martokusumo, W. (2011). “Contesting the Past: Between Authenticity and Urban Conservation”, ASEAN Journal on Hospitality and Tourism, Volume 10, Number 1, July 2011, pp. 63-76, ISSN 1412-2073, Centre for Research on Tourism ITB, Indonesia.

Martokusumo, W. (ed.) (2010a). Masa Depan Kawasan Kota Bersejarah. Sebuah Catatan Kegiatan Pelestarian di Indonesia. (unpublished report). SAPPD ITB, Bandung.

Martokusumo, W. (2010b). The Ex-Coal Mining City of Sawahlunto Revisited: Notions on Revitalization, Conservation and Urban Development, Nakhara Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 6, 107-118.

Orbașli, A. (2008). Architectural Conservation Principles and Practices. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

Ouf, A.M.S. (2001). Authenticity and the sense of Place in Urban Design, Journal of Urban Design, 6(1): 73-86.

Pickard, R. (2002). Area-Based Protection Mechanisms for Heritage Conservation: A European Comparison Journal of Architectural Conservation Vol. 8 No. 2 pp. 69-88 Donhead ISSN 1355-6207.

Stubbs, J.H. (2009). Time Honored. A global View of Architectural Conservation. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Zukaidi, D. et al. (2013). Penyusunan Basis Data Kawasan Cagar Budaya di Kota Bandung. Laporan Akhir Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, LPPM ITB.

Voskuil, RPGA. (1996). Bandung, Citra sebuah kota. Bandung: Departemen Planologi dengan PT Jagaddhita.

Positionspapier der KMK „Zukunftsfähigkeit von Denkmalschutz und Denkmalpflege“ Beschluss der Kultusministerkonferenz vom 01.02.2002. Sekretariat der Ständigen Konferenz der Kultusminister der Länder in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

Internet Sources:

http://ridwansyahyusufachmad.com/2009/08/06/pemandian-tjihampelas-bandung-dihancurkan-untuk-rumah-susun/ (retrieved April 10, 2014)

http://news.detik.com/bandung/read/2009/03/19/131526/1101893/486/dada-ngaku-tak-tahu-gedung-di-braga-67-dibongkar?nd771104bcj (retrieved April 10, 2014)

http://news.detik.com/bandung/read/2009/03/19/145346/1101983/486/pengembang-hotel-belum-miliki-izin? nd771104bcj (last retrieved April 14, 2014)