Reinterpretation of Passive Cooling Strategies in Hot And Dry Climate Traditional Architecture: Vents in The Building
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v11.n3.1335Keywords:
Traditional Architecture, Hot and Dry Climate, Passive Design Strategies, Ventilation Cooling, Modern AdaptationAbstract
The building sector is among the most critical factors affecting environmental sustainability due to its impacts, such as energy consumption and greenhouse gas production. The reasons for energy consumption and greenhouse gas production in the building sector may vary according to climatic characteristics. In hot and arid climate regions, a significant portion of energy consumption is caused by indoor cooling, especially since the focus is on reducing the indoor temperature. In the periods when traditional architecture was developed, the lack of technological products that would increase energy consumption was effective in providing indoor air conditioning with passive design strategies. This study aims to identify the building openings for natural ventilation and cooling used in the traditional architecture of hot and dry climates and to analyze and evaluate their modern interpretations. A total of 235 award-winning projects were analyzed, and 21 were included in the study. In this context, it was determined that 16 different strategies used in traditional architecture were re-interpretation, and their modern interpretations were analyzed through award-winning projects. The traditional passive design strategies identified in this context have been adapted to modern architecture in 18 types. Wind orientators come to the forefront. In addition, it was determined that the strategies adapted to modern architecture are generally integrated. This study guides modern interpretations of traditional passive design strategies for sustainable building design.
References
Abdelkader, R., & Park, J. H. (2018). Sustainable building façades: Modern usages of the traditional Mashrabiya. Open House International, 43(2), 69–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2018-b0010
AJN. (n.d.). Doha High Rise Office Tower. Jean Nouvel Les Ateliers Projects Contacts. Retrieved April 19, 2024, from https://www.jeannouvel.com/en/projects/doha-9-high-rise-office-tower/
Algburi, O., & Beyhan, F. (2019). Climate-responsive strategies in vernacular architecture of Erbil city. International Journal of Environmental Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2019.1619324
Almatarneh, R. T. (2013). Sustainability lessons learnt from traditional architecture: a case study of the old city of As-Salt, Jordan. IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology, 5(3), 100–109. https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-053100109
Archdaily. (n.d.). Engineering and Technology University - UTEC / Grafton Architects + Shell Arquitectos. Retrieved March 9, 2023, from https://www.archdaily.com/792814/engineering-and-technology-university-utec-grafton-architects-plus-shell-arquitectos
ArchDaily. (n.d.). Kohan Ceram Building / Hooba Design. Retrieved March 7, 2023, from https://www.archdaily.com/943931/kohan-ceram-building-hooba-design
ArchDaily. (2013, July 6). BskyB Sky Studios / Arup Associates. Office Buildings. https://www.archdaily.com/382951/harlequin-1-arup-associates
Archello. (n.d.). A Honeycomb Interpretation. Retrieved September 7, 2023, from https://archello.com/project/a-honeycomb-interpretation
Archilovers. (2012). The Pixel Building Case Study. https://cdn.archilovers.com/projects/4b28f524-bfac-47eb-93db-cc44f16bd2e4.pdf
Architectuul. (n.d.). Torre Agbar. Retrieved March 28, 2023, from https://architectuul.com/architecture/torre-agbar
Associated Architecta. (2016). The Centre for Medicine The University of Leicester. Universities.
Ateliers Jean Nouvel. (2006). Torre Agbar. https://www.arauacustica.com/files/noticias/pdf_esp_611.pdf
Azimi Fereidani, N., Rodrigues, E., & Gaspar, A. R. (2021). A review of the energy implications of passive building design and active measures under climate change in the Middle East. Journal of Cleaner Production, 305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127152
Bagasi, A. A., Calautit, J. K., & Karban, A. S. (2021). Evaluation of the integration of the traditional architectural element mashrabiya into the ventilation strategy for buildings in hot climates. Energies, 14(3), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030530
Bahadori, M. N. (1978). Passive cooling systems in Iranian architecture. In Renewable Energy: Four Volume Set (Vol. 238, Issue 2, pp. 144–155). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315793245-10
Ball, S. (n.d.). The University of Leicester George Davies Centre. Retrieved March 27, 2024, from https://www.cpwp.com/education/george-davies
Bekleyen, A., & Dalkılıç, N. (2012). Design with climate- What can we learn from the past to cope with climate in terms of design strategy and usage style of courtyard houses? Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 11(3), 357-366.
Bekleyen, A., & Meli̇koğlu, Y. (2019). The examples of antique wind catchers in Anatolia: Badgels of Sanliurfa. Art-Sanat, (12), 109-128. https://doi.org/10.26650/artsanat.2019.12.0007
Bekleyen, A., & Meli̇koğlu, Y. (2021). An investigation on the thermal effects of windcatchers. Journal of Building Engineering, 34(May 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101942
Bensayah, A., Bencheikh, H., & Abdessemed, A. (2019). Mzabite Heritage in Southern Algeria: What Bioclimatic Lessons can be Learned to Optimize Thermal Comfort? MATEC Web of Conferences, 278, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927804005
Berghout, B., & Forgues, D. (2020). Passive ambient comfort and the interaction of vernacular strategies and devices in arid zone habitat design: case of Biskra, Algeria. Advances in Building Energy Research, 14(2), 277–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512549.2019.1607775
Boissiere, O. (n.d.). Doha High Rise Office Tower. http://www.jeannouvel.com/en/projects/doha-9-high-rise-office-tower/
Bouchahm, Y., Bourbia, F., & Belhamri, A. (2011). Performance analysis and improvement of the use of wind tower in hot dry climate. Renewable Energy, 36(3), 898–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.08.030
Castro, F. (2016). Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture / Freelon Adjaye Bond/SmithGroup.
Dabaieh, M., Wanas, O., Hegazy, M. A., & Johansson, E. (2015). Reducing cooling demands in a hot dry climate: A simulation study for non-insulated passive cool roof thermal performance in residential buildings. Energy and Buildings, 89, 142- 152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.12.034
Davtalab, J., & Heidari, A. (2021). The effect of kharkhona on outdoor thermal comfort in Hot and dry climate: A case study of Sistan Region in Iran. Sustainable Cities and Society, 65(May 2020), 102607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102607
dB(A))). (2010). Pixel Building. https://www.db-a.co/work/pixel-building/
Edwards, Brian; Sibley, Magda; Hakmi, Mohammad; Land, P. (Ed.). (2006). Courtyard Housing Past, Present & Future. Taylor&Francis.
Enes, M. (2014, December 13). BedZED London, United Kingdom. Check the Sustainable Architecture Works around the World!
Ergün, R., & Akın, C. T. A Comparative Analysis of Traditional Turkish Courtyards in Hot-Dry and Hot-Humid Climate. Journal of Architecture and Planning , Vol. 36 (2) , pp. 253-267. https://jap.ksu.edu.sa/sites/jap.ksu.edu.sa/files/users/user450/Vol-36-2_2024-June/En02.pdf
Ergun, R. & Bekleyen, A. (2024) An architectural taxonomic proposal for passive design strategies used in traditional architecture of areas with hot and dry climates, Journal of Engineering Research.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jer.2024.05.019
Ernest, R., & Ford, B. (2012). The role of multiple-courtyards in the promotion of convective cooling. Architectural Science Review, 55(4), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2012.723400
Farrell, Y., McNamara, S., Gerart Carty, & O’Sullivan, P. (2016). New Campus for the University of Engineering and Technology (UTEC) Grafton Architects Lima, Peru April 2015. https://www.mchap.co/MCHAPprojects/New-Campus-for-the-University-of-Engineering-and-Technology-(UTEC)
Fathy, H. (1986). Natural Energy and Vernacular Architecture: Principles and Examples with Reference to Hot Arid Climates (W. Shearer & A. A. Sultan, Eds.). The University of Chicago Press.
Fernandes, J., Mateus, R., Bragança, L., & Correia Da Silva, J. J. (2015). Portuguese vernacular architecture: The contribution of vernacular materials and design approaches for sustainable construction. Architectural Science Review, 58(4), 324–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2014.974019
Foruzanmehr, A. (2015). People’s perception of the loggia: A vernacular passive cooling system in Iranian architecture. Sustainable Cities and Society, 19, 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2015.07.002
Ghaemmmaghami, P. S., & Mahmoudi, M. (2005). Wind tower a natural cooling system in Iranian traditional architecture. In International Conference “Passive and Low Energy Cooling for the Built Environment” (Vol. 10, Issue 2, pp. 71–76). https://doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2011.11683938
Guillaud, H., Moriset, S., Munoz, N. S., Gutierrez, E. S., Correia, M., Carlos, G. D., Viana, D., Gomes, F., Merten, J., & Fernando Vegas, et al. (2014). Versus: Lessons from vernacular heritage for sustainable architecture. In Versus: Lessons from vernacular heritage to sustainable architecture. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17393-41
Hailu, H., Gelan, E., & Girma, Y. (2021). Indoor Thermal Comfort Analysis: A Case Study of Modern and Traditional Buildings in Hot-Arid Climatic Region of Ethiopia. Urban Science, 5(3), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5030053
Hartman, H. (2018, October 2). RIBA Stirling Prize 2018: Storey’s Field Centre and Eddington Nursery by MUMA. Architects’ Journal. https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/buildings/riba-stirling-prize-2018-%E2%80%8Bstoreys-field-centre-and-eddington-nursery-by-muma
Hassan, A. M., Lee, H., & Yoo, U. S. (2016). From Medieval Cairo to modern Masdar City: Lessons learned through a comparative study. Architectural Science Review, 59(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2015.1015947
Heidari, A., & Davtalab, J. (2022). A Study of the Wind’s Role in Shaping the Man-made Landscape of Sistan and the Methods of Utilizing and Dealing with it Based on Historical Sources. Bagh-e Nazar, 19(106), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.22034/BAGH.2021.283839.4870
Heidari, A., Sahebzadeh, S., & Dalvand, Z. (2017). Natural ventilation in vernacular architecture of Sistan, Iran; Classification and CFD study of compound rooms. Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su9061048
Hodge, J., & Haltrecht, J. (2010). BedZED seven years onThe impact of the UK’s best known eco-village and its residents. www.peabody.org.uk
Hooba Design Group. (n.d.). Kohan Ceram by Hooba Design Group. Retrieved March 7, 2023, from https://mooool.com/en/kohan-ceram-by-hooba-design-group.html
Hughes, B. R., & Mak, C. M. (2011). A study of wind and buoyancy driven flows through commercial wind towers. Energy and Buildings, 43(7), 1784–1791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.03.022
IEA. (2021). Buildings: A source of enormous untapped efficiency potential. https://www.iea.org/topics/buildings
Kimura, K. ichi. (1994). Vernacular technologies applied to modern architecture. Renewable Energy, 5(5–8), 900–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(94)90110-4
Kojok, F., Fardoun, F., Younes, R., & Outbib, R. (2016). Hybrid cooling systems: A review and an optimized selection scheme. In Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (Vol. 65, pp. 57–80). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.06.092
Lacaton & Vassal. (2020). Maaglive, Zürich. Projets / Projects. https://www.lacatonvassal.com/index.php?idp=118
Lancaster, N. (2022, April 25). African Architecture Spotlight: Lycée Schorge. https://brightguideafrica.com/african-architecture-spotlight-lycee-schorge/
Liu, Y., Li, J., Liu, J., & Fu, Y. (2006). Passive design of traditional buildings in the hot and arid regions in Northwest China. PLEA 2006 - 23rd International Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Conference Proceedings, September, 6–8.
Manzano-Agugliaro, F., Montoya, F. G., Sabio-Ortega, A., & García-Cruz, A. (2015). Review of bioclimatic architecture strategies for achieving thermal comfort. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 49, 736–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.095
Mileto, C., Vegas, F., Llatas, C., & Soust-Verdaguer, B. (2021). A sustainable Approach for the Refurbishment Process of Vernacular Heritage: The Sesga House Case Study (Valencia, Spain). Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179800
Oropeza-Perez, I., & Østergaard, P. A. (2018). Active and passive cooling methods for dwellings: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 531–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.059
Özkan, H. C. (2009, December 3). Charles Correa – Kanchanjunga Apartments, Cumballa Hill, Mumbai, 1970-1983. Identity Housing. https://identityhousing.wordpress.com/2009/12/03/charles-correa-kanchanjunga-apartments-cumballa-hill-mumbai-1970-1983/
Pacheco, R., Ordóñez, J., & Martínez, G. (2012). Energy efficient design of building:A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6), 3559-3573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.03.045
Pirhayati, M., Ainechi, S., Torkjazi, M., & Ashrafi, E. (2013). Ancient Iran, the Origin Land of Wind Catcher in the World. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 5(8), 433–499. https://doi.org/10.19026/rjees.5.5671
Prasad, R., Tandon, R., Verma, A., Sharma, M., & Ajmera, N. (2022). Jaali a tool of sustainable architectural practice: Understanding the feasibility and usage. Materials Today: Proceedings, 60, 513–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.01.424
Saadatian, O., Sopian, K., Salleh, E., Lim, C. H., Riffat, S., Saadatian, E., Toudeshki, A., & Sulaiman, M. Y. (2013). A review of energy aspects of green roofs. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 23, 155–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.02.022
Sahebzadeh, S., Dalvand, Z., Sadeghfar, M., & Heidari, A. (2020). Vernacular architecture of Iran’s hot regions; elements and strategies for a comfortable living environment. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9(4), 573–593. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-11-2017-0065
Sahebzadeh, S., Heidari, A., Kamelnia, H., & Baghbani, A. (2017). Sustainability features of Iran’s vernacular architecture: A comparative study between the architecture of hot-arid and hot-arid-windy regions. Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050749
Soflaee, F., & Shokouhian, M. (2005). Natural cooling systems in sustainable traditional architecture of Iran. International Conference “Passive and Low Energy Cooling for the Built Environment”, Santorini , Greece, May, 715–719.
Suleiman, S., & Himmo, B. (2012). Direct comfort ventilation. Wisdom of the past and technology of the future (wind-catcher). Sustainable Cities and Society, 5(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2012.09.002
Taleghani, M., Tenpierik, M., & Dobbelsteen, V. Den. (2012). Environmental Impact of Courtyards a Review and Comparison of Residential Courtyard Buıldıngs In Dıfferent Clımates. Journal of Green Building, 7(2), 113–136. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.7.2.113
Tavassoli, M. (2016). Urban Structure in Hot Arid Environments. In The Urban Book Series (Vol. 1, Issue 1958).
The Aga Khan Award for Architecture. (2016). Doha Tower. https://the.akdn/en/how-we-work/our-agencies/aga-khan-trust-culture/akaa/doha-tower
The Aga Khan Award for Architecture. (2020). Wafra Wind Tower. AKAA Project Finder. https://the.akdn/en/how-we-work/our-agencies/aga-khan-trust-culture/akaa/wafra-wind-tower
Transsolar. (2008). Lycée Charles de Gaulle, Damascus, Syria. Projects. https://transsolar.com/projects/damascus-lycee-charles-de-gaulle
UNEP. (2020). Guidelines on Green Houses of Worship. https://www.unep.org/resources/publication/guidelines-green-houses-worship
University of Liecester. (2022, May 18). Leicester health research recognised among best in the UK. News. https://le.ac.uk/news/2022/may/ref-clinical-medicine
U.S. Green Building Council. (2022). Case Study: National Museum of African American History & Culture. https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/NMAAHC%20Case%20Study_November%202018_0.pdf
WA Contents. (2021, June 30). Kéré Architecture Designs Educational Campus Featuring Tall Ventilation Towers In Kenya. https://worldarchitecture.org/article-links/evffh/kr-architecture-designs-educational-campus-featuring-tall-ventilation-towers-in-kenya.html
Zainab Faruqui Ali, by. (2003). No1 Moulmein Rise. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=076b5773c136861146dc34a4704456bddb53dac3
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright of articles that appear in International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions or any other reproductions of similar nature.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- This Journal applies Creative Commons Licenses of CC-BY-NC-SA
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
