Assessing the Seamlessness of Bangkok Metropolitan Public Transport by using Modified Quantitative Gap Analysis

Authors

  • Ariva Sugandi Permana Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
  • Arthit Petchsasithon Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v7.n1.440

Keywords:

Public transport, transit system, seamless transit, formal transport, informal transport modes.

Abstract

A sustainable transportation system requires a larger contribution to public transport share in comparison to private transport. Bangkok Metropolitan, the study area, exhibits a significant transport modal alteration trend towards public transport, in line with the expansion of Bangkok Transit System (BTS) and Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) for more coverage within the metropolis along main roads along with expansion of public bus routes, which increases the seamlessness and reduces transit time. This study is important as we believe that the higher seamlessness the more urban travelers would shift to using public transport modes. This matter is considered as a pertinent urban transport problem. This study aims at understanding the level of transit seamlessness of the Bangkok public transport system.  The study was carried out by firstly measuring six factors of the regular transit process, on formal and informal transport modes used by Bangkokians. These six factors were observed along the origin and the destination of the travelers with respect to travel time, number of transit points, average transit time, comfort, and transit facilities including facilities for disables, and walking distance. A total number of 300 public transport users were selected as respondents, 50 respondents for each selected transit hub. The selection was based on convenient random sampling considering the variability of destinations and purpose of travel. Despite a different destination, the residence was set as the origin. By using Modified Quantitative Gap Analysis, based on six selected transit hubs, the study found that the seamlessness of the inter-modal transits in Bangkok exhibits a characteristics of hard transit process, particularly for disabled people, notwithstanding the continuous efforts to make the seamless transit are in place, particularly with respect to infrastructure facilities.

References

Airport Rail Link (2019). State Railway of Thailand East Track. Available online at http://www.srtet.co.th/index.php/en/?Itemid=146 (Retrieved on 30 April 2019).

Bangkok Bus Routes (2019). Routes of the Public Bus in Bangkok Metropolitan Region. Available online at https://www.transitbangkok.com/bangkok_bus_routes.php (retrieved on 2 May 2019).

BTS Skytrain (2019). Bangkok Mass Transit System Official Website. Available online at https://www.bts.co.th/eng/index.html (Retrieved on 30 April 2019).

Carmon, N., & Fainstein, S. S. (Eds.). (2013). Policy, planning, and people: Promoting justice in urban development. University of Pennsylvania Press.

Chalermpong, S., A. Ratanawaraha, N. Maneenoy, and C. Chullabodhi (2018). Engineering Journal, 22(3):1-10. DOI:10.4186/ej.2018.22.3.1

Günther, I and A. Launov (2012) Informal Employment In Developing Countries: Opportunity Or Last Resort? Journal of Development Economics. 97(1): 88-98

Haghshenas, H., & Vaziri, M. (2012). Urban Sustainable Transportation Indicators For Global Comparison. Ecological Indicators. 15(1): 115-121.

Haque, M. M., Chin, H. C., & Debnath, A. K. (2013). Sustainable, Safe, Smart—Three Key Elements Of Singapore’s Evolving Transport Policies. Transport Policy. 27: 20-31.

Kamargianni, M., Li, W., Matyas, M., & Schäfer, A. (2016). A Critical Review Of New Mobility Services For Urban Transport. Transportation Research Procedia. 14: 3294-3303.

Litman, T. (2015). Evaluating Public Transit Benefits And Costs. Victoria, BC, Canada: Victoria Transport Policy Institute.

Loo, B. P., & du Verle, F. (2017). Transit-Oriented Development In Future Cities: Towards A Two-Level Sustainable Mobility Strategy. International Journal of Urban Sciences. 21(sup1): 54-67.

McCormick, K., Anderberg, S., Coenen, L., & Neij, L. (2013). Advancing Sustainable Urban Transformation. Journal of Cleaner Production. 50: 1-11.

MRTA (2019). Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand Official Website. Available online at https://www.mrta.co.th/en/ (Retrieved on 30 April 2019).

Permana, A.S., Gobi Krishna Sinniah, Rizon Pamardhi-Utomo, Rufia Andisetyana Putri (2018). Dual Formal-informal Transport Modes towards Quasi-seamless transit in Developing City. International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability. 5(3): 224-240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v5.n3.307.

Permana, A. S., Perera, R., Aziz, N. A., & Ho, C. S. (2015). Creating The Synergy Of Land Use, Transport, Energy And Environment Elements Towards Climate Change Co-Benefits. International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability, 2(1): 17-28 https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v2.n1.53

Pugh, C. (2013). Sustainable Cities In Developing Countries. Routledge.

Schiller, P. L., & Kenworthy, J. R. (2017). An Introduction To Sustainable Transportation: Policy, Planning And Implementation. Routledge.

Wikipedia (2019). Bangkok Metropolitan Region. Available online at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Region (retrieved on 2 May 2019).

Downloads

Published

2019-12-31

How to Cite

Permana, A. S., & Petchsasithon, A. (2019). Assessing the Seamlessness of Bangkok Metropolitan Public Transport by using Modified Quantitative Gap Analysis. International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability, 7(1), 81–97. https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v7.n1.440